Teddy Boys

Over the next few posts I thought I’d move away from talking about current trends, and explain more about the history of vintage fashion. I’ve chosen a few brief passages from my dissertation (yep, I wrote an entire dissertation about vintage clothes!) that illustrate key moments over the last fifty years that have made the current fashion climate what it is.

First up, is a passage I wrote about the Teddy Boys, really the first generation of young British people to create their own unique look by borrowing stylistic elements from the past. Essentially this is what vintage is all about; borrowing past fashions as a way to express one’s individuality. It sidesteps all that homogenous fashion dictated by the highstreet and allows the wearer to look cool, elitist and most crucially of all, unique.

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In the second half of the twentieth century, Britain began to enjoy a massive consumer boom. After the rationing and restriction of World War II, people suddenly found themselves equipped with a disposable income and a far more prosperous outlook. The public was enjoying a new sense of freedom and in consumerism, found an exciting way to channel their optimism…

Whilst the mainstream thrived during this period, young people were largely ignored as a potential consumer group. Advertisers simply assumed that young people could be targeted later in life, when they grew up to become far more predictable adult consumers. As social commentator Naomi Klein puts it, “keeping track of the trends and tastes favoured by style-setting youth wasn’t worth the effort” (No Logo, 2000).

So for several decades, young people dictated their own trends, regardless of the sways of mainstream consumerism. This trailblazing period has been referred to as the “youthquake” (Old Clothes, New Looks: Second-Hand Fashion, 2005). In Britain, the first major example of the ‘youthquake’, occurred in the years immediately following the end of World War II. Developed by Northern working-class teenagers as a dramatic escape from the drab and dreary climate of post-war Britain, these youths had slicked back hair, wide-shouldered suit jackets, skinny drainpipe trousers and brothel creeper shoes.

Known as Teddy Boys (and Teddy Girls), they went to great lengths to source particular clothes. As “the original heirs of Beau Brummel” (Loud And Proud, 2008), they took a fastidious interest in the elegant
suits of the Edwardian era (Edward being shortened to Ted and thus, Teddy Boy). Yet they mixed this Edwardian notion of sartorial perfection with a “proudly proletarian” (Loud And Proud, 2008) attitude. In doing so, they created and maintained a sense of exclusivity and elitism, “designed on the street, for the street” (Loud And Proud, 2008). They also created for themselves, perhaps inadvertently, a notoriety and cult-like status. Teenagers had never before experienced the freedom to make their own cultural choices; instead they had obediently adopted the attitudes (and wardrobe) of their parents. The shockingly different Teddy Boy trend, influenced by the emerging American Rock ‘n’ Roll scene, was therefore seen by older generations as a brazen rebellion against authority and decency.


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I hope you don’t mind my meanderings down fashion memory lane too much. Next post, I’m back to the 80s, documenting the immergence of hip-hop and how this changed vintage fashion and youth subculture once again.

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The 90s

Oh my goodness, would you believe it. It seems after only a short season dominated and inspired by 80s clothes, fashion journalists and trend analysists are already predicting a shift towards the 90s. Although the  80s trend will undoubtedly remain a steadfast feature of the highstreet for the near future, the indicators are already there for a gradual move towards 90s fashion.

For one thing, Blur’s unanimously well-received come-back performance at Glastonbury last month brought that interest and nostalgia for 90s Britpop back into the public domain. See 30 seconds of them being amazing here. You could say Take That did something similar with their recent revival but I’m not sure I’d want to credit Gary Barlow and co with starting new trends!

Those Bright Young Things Pixie Geldoff, Alice Dellal and Agyness Deyn have also instigated a bit of 90s vintage revival.

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Their punky, rock look typified by black leather, studs, chunky metal jewellery and Dr. Martin boots, take the 80s trend into the early 90s. These are exactly the same components that made up 90s Grunge, a looking almost single-handedly created by trend-setting, era defining Kurt Cobain.

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Its certainly a trend to watch out for. The 80s are by no means over, in terms of the current fashion cycle, but a gradual move towards vintage 90s Grunge does seem inevitable. Interestingly, in this weeks Guardian, fashion columnist Jess Carter Morley notes how the Grunge trend is likely to adapt for a modern audience by making it more glamourous – Glamour Grunge or “Glunge”. See her explain the look here.

Hmmm, not sure about the terminology, “Glunge” sounds faintly offensive somehow. Oh well, in a couple of months time we’ll all be wearing it. Watch this space.

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Lucile

A side-step from my usual ramblings about the trend for 80s clothes, I thought I’d blog about something a little more vintage.

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The Victoria & Albert Museum have just published a book of archive material from original Edwardian fashion designer Lady Duff Gordon, also known as ‘Lucile’. From the 1890s – 1930s, Lucile controlled a vast international fashion business, with boutiques in New York, London, Paris and Chicago. She is attributed with holding the first ever catwalk show, publishing the first ever look book, dressing royalty and celebrities of the day and she even survived the Titanic. A pretty amazing resumé, yet Lucile is virtually unheard of in modern fashion. Perhaps the book will explain why…

Its available here www.vandashop.com

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Lauren Laverne has also written about the book – Lucile Ltd by Valerie D Mendes and Amy De La Haye – in this weeks Grazia.

She writes, “Vintage-Junkies will be in heaven”. Sounds good to me.

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Christian Dior

Following on from the 1980s/1940s connection I talked about in my last post, the latest Christian Dior Autumn/Winter 09 Couture show typified this mix of vintage trends exactly.

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John Galliano has consistently produced incredible couture collections since taking over as head of design at Dior in 1997, a move that coincided with the labels 50th anniversary.

Back in 1948, Christian Dior famously produced the ‘New Look’ collection in Paris, revolutionising the way women approached fashion. His beautiful clothes were far more feminine and elegant than the heavier, practical fashion of the decade. “The New Look rapidly became a postwar cultural symbol for what Dior himself described as “Youth, hope, and the future.” fashionencyclopedia.com

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Galliano has clearly taken much inspiration from Dior’s iconic 1948 collection, channeling that elegance and feminity. The clean tailoring and smart accessories are classic staples of that era. However, Galliano has also updated and redifined the look with a punchy 80s punk aesthetic. The bold colours, exposed bras and hold-ups and frizzy hair are pure 1980s Madonna.

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In terms of shopping for vintage clothes, it is always worth mixing and matching different decades (as I mentioned previously). Conversely it seems, as so many 80s clothes are themselves vintage reinterpretations of 40s classics, the combination of the two actually creates a very modern look. A structured suit jacket in a dense fabric like wool combined with a lacey crop top or bra top gives a subtle nod to both these eras whilst remaining very ‘on-trend’ (as fashion folk would say). Check out some of the cool examples available from Covert Candy’s online vintage shop, like this very 80s broad-shouldered jacket.

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The 40s

The interesting thing about our current love of everything 80s is that, back then, fashion had its own vintage trend – the 1940s.

During that era, fashion was far more utilitarian. Given that war dominated half the decade and women were encouraged to make-do-and-mend, its easy to see how fashion reflected the sobriety of the time. Materials were heavy and durable, colours were muted and tailoring was formal and practical. By comparison, the 80s was a decade of excess and prosperity (followed by sudden recession, like 2009) – the palette was loud, brash and clashing, materials were far more expensive and luxurious and ‘power-dressing’ meant that women could flaunt their sexuality and confidence.

However, despite the seemingly different concerns of the time, much of 80s fashion was inspired by the 40s. For example, the 80s broad-shouldered/cinched-waist jackets I talked about in my previous post, were first made fashionable during the 40s.

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These images taken from a 1982 edition of Vogue Italia show how that original 1940s trend was adapted and reinvented.

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Make-up in the 1940s was kept quite simple, heavy and dark, accentuating the eyebrows and lips. 1980s fashion adopted a very similar look but again, took it to a far more lavish and colourful extreme.

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Liz Taylor, rocking some classic, simple 1940s make up.

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The 80s updated version. Yikes.

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Marc Jacobs 2009 show make-up, channeling the 1980s, in turn channeling the 1940s.

All the recent Autumn/Winter shows were inevitably very 80s inspired. Marc Jacobs A/W 09 show in New York was a deluge of 80s bright colours, bouffant quiffs (also a 1940s reappropriation) and vivid, costume make-up. Likewise Alexander Wang continued his favouritism of 80s clothes with black leather crop-tops and high-waist leggings. Louis Vuitton rolled with the same 80s vibe at their Paris A/W 09 show, albeit via more New Romantic 80s than power suits, and of course, Balmain is still riding the crest of Balmania, having started this whole 80s revision in the first place!

Check out Vogue.com for all the shows I’ve mentioned

However, on closer inspection, many of the collections previewed alongside Jacobs, Wang and Balmain, channeled a subtler 1940s look. Lovely Lanvin (GOD I love Alber Elbaz) had just as much cinched-waists, pencil skirts and broad shoulders on display but the cuts were more classic and colours more subdued, “with a sober 1940s influence” as Elle says.

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More lovely Lanvin here

The principle here I think is that while 80s clothes are having a serious comeback, it is always worthwhile investigating other vintage trends. Looking a little deeper at current trends, it becomes possible to understand how they are developed by reappropriating elements of the past. Though it may not appear that a certain era is in fashion, vintage pieces from any decade still remain precient and significant. Fashion is built on a sense of constant reinvention, so keep that 1940s dress to hand.

(Thanks for the image Trevira, original image here.)

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The Suit Jacket

In current fashion, a key feature of the 80s trend is undoubtedly the double-breasted, broad shouldered suit jacket. This remains an iconic look from the 1980s, first popularised by the 1980 Richard Gere film, ‘American Gigolo’.

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The costumes for this film were designed by Georgio Armani. For Gere’s character, he made sharply tailored suits with shoulders that exaggerated the silhouette. The ‘Power Suit’ as it came to be know became incredibly popular, inferring masculinity and sophistication, and Armani went on to dominate both mens and womens fashion throughout the decade.

“In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a suit fashioned by the celebrated and influential Italian designer Giorgio Armani (1934–) became the outfit of choice for wealthy, style-conscious males. Armani suits were known for their simple yet elegant design, their striking look, and their comfort. They were custom tailored and were meticulously cut to fit the form of the purchaser. A typical Armani suit generally featured three pieces: a fully-lined, three-button blazer with padded shoulders; a matching vest; and single-pleated trousers that were lined only in front, down to the knees. The suit was black, charcoal gray, or navy blue; it was soft or textured; and it was made of the highest quality wool, cotton, cashmere, silk, or linen”

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Similarly Hugo Boss became a household name synonimous with 80s suits, particularly thanks to popular TV show of the time Miami Vice. Actor Don Johnson famously wore the Hugo Boss suit jacket (broad-shouldered and double-breasted like Armani) in various pastel shades, with the sleeves rolled up. Like Gere’s ‘American Gigolo’, this look has come to typify the 1980s.

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As a departure from the formal suit, jackets were worn with casual t-shirts or jumpers. The rolled sleeves and pastel colourways also defied typical convention. Women even re-appropriated mens jackets. In an era that saw women far more concerned with business and success than having children or getting married, adopting mens jackets created that same sense of masculinity and power.

Today, the 80s revival has brought the wide shouldered suit jacket back into the mainstream. Highstreet shops now offer things like ‘boyfriend blazers’ with pre-rolled sleeves but really, the best way to achieve this classic look is by sourcing original vintage jackets. Better yet, wearing mens jackets gives an added authenticity and creates a more accentuated silhouette. Fabrics such as wool and tweed (rather than the polyester mixes as found in those highstreet blazers) hang far better on the body, do not crease and last much longer.

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The 80s

So first up, the trend for 80s clothes. When veteran French label Balmain unveiled their Spring/Summer 09 collection, they basically opened a gaping void in the time-space continuum and sent the Western world back to the 80s (no one seems to mind though). In fact, the trend has been taken up by other similarly influencial designers. Alexander Wang has been channeling the 80s vibe as far back as 2008 but his Spring/Summer 09 collection also hit the right moment to turn a niche appreciation into a full-scale phenomenon. Have a look on vogue.com to see the full collections.

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Balmain’s acid wash skinny jeans, taking some serious influence from the original 80s penchant for acid washed denim.

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Wow. Just wow…


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Alexander Wang’s sheer black embroidered dress is a clear homage to 80s cult film ‘Vamp’ starring mental 80s icon, Grace Jones.

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This has permeated from high-couture fashion right through to the highstreet. Crop tops, shoulder-pads, double-breasted blazers, rolled up sleeves, acid wash jeans, high waists and lace – all making a definite comeback.

Socially, it seems logical that parallels would be made between 2009 and the decade of excess. The era of yuppies, Thatcher and economic prosperity suddenly gave way to recession in 1987, the largest one-day percentage dive in stock market history. The same could easily be said of the current economic climate.

Another reason for the sudden interest in 80s clothes could be that after twenty years, the 80s can now be ‘officially’ viewed as vintage. I say ‘officially’ because there doesn’t seem to exist a conclusive way of defining  the classification of vintage clothes. I once interviewed Hannah Turner Voakes, who owns a vintage boutique in Shoreditch, and asked her how she classified her stock.

“I would define vintage as anything that is less than a hundred years old but more than 20 – more than a hundred is considered to be antique clothing and I personally believe that 20 years is the right amount of time to help people recognize that you are wearing clothes that you have purposefully chosen, rather than just being out of date fashion wise… I don’t think people need to be anal about classifying vintage-one should wear what one likes whatever its age but for me, the 80’s is definitely the latest decade that I would stock”
(Hannah Turner Voakes, 2009)

Whatever the reason, the rise of this trend has created more interest in original, vintage 80s clothes. Why spend £2,000 on a Balmain jacket (in fantasy land) when you can buy a unique and far more affordable vintage piece? The beauty of vintage shopping and swap sites like Covertcandy, is in purchasing something embued with nostalgia, individualism and credibility. A highstreet ‘copy’ is somehow not quite the same.

My advice is to always opt for the vintage piece. It may be a little harder to hunt down – by its very nature, your not likely to find these things on the highstreet – but it’ll no doubt be cheaper and better value (the quality of workmanship has decreased in recent yeasr but thats another blog post for another time…). So, happy shopping vintage magpies. Get yourselves an original 80s denim shirt, rip off the sleeves and bask in the glory of your fashionability.

Comments, suggestions, thoughts and theories always welcome.

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Hello Vintage Votaries

Hi all. From now on, I’ll be blogging about the delights of vintage clothes. As an avid vintage hunter myself, with the eyes of a magpie and the claws of an eagle, I hope to use my experience to bring some erudite, thoughtful debate to the table. However, I may also bring some ridiculous fraff. Should be a good mix…

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